Commonly Used Latin in Scholarly Manuscripts
Paul V. Hartman

     The following appear as: Latin word(s), pronunciations (L=Latin,
  E=English), meaning, and comments.

   1. c      circa                 KIHR-kah (L)   SIR-kah (E)
     "about"     Indicates uncertainty in a date.
                 "Chaucer was born c AD 1340"

   2. e.g.   exempli gratia        eks-EHM-plee GRAH-te-ah
     "for instance"          When reading aloud, say "for example"

   3. et al       et alia          et AH-lee-ah
     "and others"        When reading aloud, say "and others"

   4. etc.        et cetera     et KAY-teh-rah (L)  et SET-er-ah (E)
     "and so on"    Applies to things, not persons.
                    When reading aloud, say et-SET-er-ah.

   5. Ibid        ibidem        IH-bih-dem (L)      IB-e-dem (E)
     "in the same place"      A reference in a footnote, bibliography, 
                           etc., with identical source as the previous.
                        Capitalized and italic, as in: "Ibid., p.102"
                            Pronounce the shorter form EYE-bid.

   6. Id          idem          EE-dem (L)     ID-em (E)
     "the same"         Similar to Ibid, but refers to the previously
                        mentioned author, not the work.  "Id., p.102"

   7. i.e.   id est             ID EST (L and E)
     "that is"         Clarifies a statement just made. It does not
                      mean "for example". As in: "He went to Stonegate 
                          (i.e. north) before turning toward the sea."

   8. loc. cit.   loco citato         LAW-koh kih-TAH-toh (L)
                                      LOH-koh sigh-TAH-toh (E)
     "in the place cited"       Like Ibid and Id, refers to something
                            already mentioned, in this case a previously 
                       mentioned passage, as in: "Shakespeare, loc. cit." 

   9. N.B.   nota bene                NAW-tah BEH-neh (L and E)
     "take notice"; "note well"   Used to call attention to what follows.

   10. op. cit.   opere citato        AW-peh-reh kih-TAH-toh (L and E)
     "in the work cited"               "Shakespeare, op. cit., p.706"

   11. q.v.  quod vide                KWAD WE-day (L)     cue-vee (E)
     "which see"           A scholars way of providing a cross reference.
                       A name, phrase, etc., followed by a comma and q.v. 
                        would tell the reader that the name, phrase, etc.,
                           is explained elsewhere in the text.

   12. sic                  SICK
      "thus so"          appearing as (sic), indicates a word or phrase
                       used in text which appears to be misspelled or used
                       incorrectly, but nevertheless is the word or 
                       spelling meant to be used. 

   13. vide infra               WE-day IN-frah (L)   Vee-day IN-frah (E)
     "read below"         A scholarly reference to further mention of the
                       topic later on: "you will find out more about this 
                       when you read further." Also: vide supra refers to 
                       something discussed in the text previously.

   14. viz.   videlicet             wih-DAY-lih-keht (L and E)
     "namely; to wit; it is permitted to see"
                            When reading aloud, say "namely", not "viz".

   15. QED                  quod erat demonstrandum
                       Nearly always appears only as the intitials. Which
                       means: "the thing is proven."

Finally:
   16. c.q.    not a Latin abbreviation;   it is a typesetter's code.
     These letters following a word or name mean that the word is
     spelled correctly even though it looks erroneous. Since it is code 
     from a writer to the printer, it is not supposed to appear in 
     print, though occasionally it does.



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